Manuscripts submitted to the journal must be original. Submitted manuscripts must not have been published elsewhere or be under consideration by another journal. For articles derived from any postgraduate thesis or scientific research project, authors must provide the necessary statement on the title page.

All authors must have made a direct academic and scientific contribution to the submitted manuscript. Providing funding, collecting data, or supervising the research group alone does not justify authorship. Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but contributed to the study, such as through technical support, provision of materials or funding, or general guidance, may be acknowledged in a footnote if desired.

Submitting more than one manuscript based on the same dataset, study, or experiment without sufficient academic distinction or contribution is unethical and strictly unacceptable.

Authors are responsible for citing all sources used in their work completely, accurately, and in accordance with ethical standards. They are expected to avoid unattributed quotations and any use of their own previously published work without proper citation.

Fabrication or falsification of data, findings, or any content of the study is incompatible with scientific publishing ethics. Authors are expected to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and representativeness of the data they present. When deemed necessary, the editorial board may request raw data or supporting materials in order to enhance the transparency and verifiability of the study. In such cases, authors should be prepared to provide the relevant documents.

For studies requiring ethics committee approval, such as research involving human participants, studies containing sensitive personal data, or research conducted with disadvantaged groups, authors are expected to clearly state this approval. Information regarding ethical approval should be included in the Method section in a way that protects participant confidentiality. In addition, the name of the ethics committee approving the study, the approval date, and the approval number must be fully stated on the Title Page.

All research involving human participants or animal subjects must be conducted in accordance with the relevant ethical principles and guidelines established by competent national and international authorities. Authors are required, where applicable, to document that they have obtained ethics committee approval and to protect the safety, rights, and welfare of participants or animals throughout the research process.

Authors are required to disclose any financial, commercial, legal, or professional relationships that may create a conflict of interest in relation to their work. If there is no conflict of interest to declare, authors should include a clear statement such as: “The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.”

Authors undertake that the similarity rate of the manuscripts they submit to the journal may be at most 25%, and that manuscripts with a similarity rate above this threshold will not be considered for evaluation.

Authors are expected to contact the editor without delay and cooperate if they identify a significant error, inaccurate information, or misleading statement in their published, early view, or under-review work.

The journal reserves the right to retract articles even after acceptance if plagiarism, ethical violations, or undisclosed conflicts of interest are identified.

Editors and reviewers act in accordance with the rules and principles specified by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Editors and reviewers handle information related to manuscripts and the peer review process within the framework of confidentiality. No information regarding these processes may be shared with unauthorized persons or institutions.

Reviewers must not include in the review file any statement or note that may reveal their identity. The review process is expected to be conducted in accordance with the double-blind peer review principle.

Reviewers should inform the editorial team if they have any conflict of interest during the evaluation process, or decline the relevant review.

Editors and reviewers adopt a clear, constructive, and respectful language of communication toward one another and toward authors.

Editors and reviewers are expected to complete the tasks assigned to them within the specified time during the manuscript evaluation process. However, if additional time is needed or if they must discontinue the evaluation for various reasons, they are expected to inform the editorial team.

Editors and reviewers conduct the evaluation of manuscripts fairly, consistently, and objectively, and they protect the integrity of the peer review process.

Editors and reviewers report to the editorial team any suspected ethical violation they encounter regarding a submitted manuscript during the evaluation process.